Publications: Journal
Articles
Bae, G.
Y., Choi, J. M., Cho, Y. S., & Proctor, R. W. (in
press). Transfer of magnitude
and spatial mappings to the SNARC Effect for parity judgments.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.
Cho, D.
(T.), & Proctor, R. W. (in press). The object-based Simon
effect: Grasping affordance or relative location of the graspable part? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
Perception, and Performance.
Liao, H., Proctor, R. W.,
& Salvendy, G. (in press). Content preparation for E-commerce involving Chinese and US online
consumers. International Journal of
Human-Computer Interaction.
Miles,
J. D., & Proctor, R. W. (in press). Non-Intentional but not
automatic: Reduction of word- and arrow-based compatibility effects by sound
distractors in the same categorical domain. Experimental Brain
Research.
Proctor, R. W., & Vu,
K.-P.
L. (in press). Determinants of the
benefit for consistent stimulus-response mappings in dual-task performance of
three-choice tasks. Attention, Perception, &
Psychophysics.
Proctor,
R. W., & Vu, K.-P. L. (in press). Stimulus-response
compatibility for mixed mappings and tasks with unique
responses. Quarterly Journal of Experimental
Psychology.
Read, L. E., &
Proctor, R. W. (in press). Influence of mapping complexity on negative priming
for incompatible spatial mappings.
Psychonomic Bulletin &
Review.
Vu,
K.-P.
L., Chambers, V., Creekmur, B., Cho, D. & Proctor,
R. W. (in
press). Influence of the Privacy
Bird® user agent on user trust of different Web sites. Computers in
Industry.
Yamaguchi, M., &
Proctor, R. W. (in press). Compatibility of motion information in two aircraft
attitude displays for a tracking task. American Journal of
Psychology.
Zeng, L.,
Salvendy, G., & Proctor, R. W. (in
press). Fostering creativity in service development: Facilitating service
innovation by the creative cognition approach. Service
Science.
Bae, G.
Y., Cho, Y. S., & Proctor, R. W. (2009). Transfer of
orthogonal stimulus-response mappings to an orthogonal Simon task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 62, 746-765.
Capaldi, E.
J., & Proctor, R. W. (2009). Two radically different
worldviews of psychological science: Implications for the psychology of science.
Journal of Psychology of Science and
Technology, 2, 44-58.
Choi, J.
M., Cho, Y. S., & Proctor, R. W. (2009). Impaired color word
processing at an unattended location: Evidence from the Stroop task combined with inhibition of return. Memory & Cognition, 37, 935-944.
Liao,
H., Proctor, R. W., & Salvendy, G.
(2009). Chinese and
Miles, J. D., & Proctor, R. W.
(2009). Reducing and restoring
stimulus-response compatibility effects by decreasing the discriminability of location words. Acta Psychologica,
130, 95-102.
Miles,
J. D., Yamaguchi, M., & Proctor, R. W. (2009). Dilution of the Simon
effect: Categorical similarity between distractors and
diluters. Attention, Perception, &
Psychophysics, 71, 1598-1606.
Müsseler, J., Aschersleben, G.,
Arning, K., & Proctor, R. W. (2009). Reversed effects of spatial compatibility in
natural scenes. American Journal of Psychology, 122,
25-36.
Proctor, R. W., & Vu,
K.-P. L.
(2009). Determinants of the benefit for consistent
stimulus-response mappings in dual-task performance of four-choice
tasks. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics,
71, 734-756.
Proctor, R. W., & Vu,
K.-P. L.
(2009). Task-defined associations
are mode specific for selection of relevant dimension but mode independent for
selection of mapping. Quarterly Journal
of Experimental Psychology, 62, 371-392.
Proctor, R. W.,
Yamaguchi, M., Zhang, Y., & Vu, K.-P. L.
(2009). Influence of visual stimulus mode on transfer of acquired spatial
associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 434-445.
Wang,
D. D., Proctor, R. W., & Pick, D. F. (2009). Allocation of effort as a function of payoffs for individual tasks
in a multitasking environment. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 705-716.
Yamaguchi,
M., & Proctor, R. W. (2009).
Transfer of
learning in choice reactions: Contributions of specific and general components
of manual responses. Acta Psychologica,
130, 1–10.
Capaldi, E.
J., & Proctor, R. W. (2008). Are theories to be evaluated in isolation or relative
to alternatives? An abductive
view. American Journal of
Psychology, 121, 617-641.
Cho, Y.
S., Proctor, R. W., & Yamaguchi, M. (2008). Influences of response
position and hand posture on the orthogonal Simon effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 61. 1020-1035.
Kim,
H., Cho, Y. S., Yamaguchi, M., & Proctor, R. W.
(2008). Influence of color word
availability on the Stroop color-naming effect. Perception & Psychophysics, 70,
1540-1551.
Liao,
H., Proctor, R. W., & Salvendy, G. (2008). Content preparation for
cross-cultural e-commerce: A review and a model. Behaviour & Information Technology, 27, 43-61.
Melara, R. D., Wang, H., Vu, K.-P. L., & Proctor, R.
W. (2008). Attentional origins of the Simon effect: Behavioral and
electrophysiological evidence.
Brain Research, 1215, 147-159.
Miles, J. D., & Proctor, R. W.
(2008). Improving performance
through implementation intentions: Are preexisting response biases
replaced? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15,
1105–1110.
Pellicano, A., Vu, K,-P. L., Proctor, R. W., Nicoletti, R., & Umiltà, C.
(2008). Effects of stimulus-stimulus short-term memory
associations in a Simon-like task. European Journal of Cognitive
Psychology, 20, 893-912.
Proctor, R. W., Ali, M. A.,
& Vu, K.-P. L. (2008). Examining usability of
Web privacy policies. International Journal of
Human-Computer Interaction, 24, 307-328.
Proctor, R. W., Koch, I., Vu,
K.-P. L., & Yamaguchi, M. (2008).
Influence of display and cue formats on
switch costs and the prevalence effect for horizontal and vertical
dimensions. Memory & Cognition, 36, 998-1012.
Shin, Y. K., & Proctor, R.
W. (2008). Are spatial responses to visuospatial stimuli and spoken responses to auditory
letters ideomotor-compatible tasks? Examination of set-size effects on dual-task
interference. Acta Psychologica, 129,
352-364.
Vu, K.-P. L., & Proctor, R.
W. (2008).
Age differences in response selection for pure and mixed stimulus-response
mappings and tasks. Acta Psychologica,
129, 49-60.
Zhang, Y., & Proctor, R.
W. (2008). Influence of
intermixed emotion-relevant trials on the affective Simon effect. Experimental Psychology, 55,
431-438.
Cho, Y. S., & Proctor, R.
W. (2007). When is an odd number not odd?
Influence of task rule on the MARC effect for numeric classification. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33, 833-842.
Proctor, R. W., & Vu,
K.-P. L. (2007). A multimethod approach to examining usability of Web privacy
polices and user agents for specifying privacy preferences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 205-211.
Proctor, R. W., Yamaguchi, M.,
& Vu, K.-P. L. (2007).
Transfer of noncorresponding spatial associations to the auditory Simon
task. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33, 245-253.
Shin, Y. K., Cho, Y. S., Lien,
M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2007). Is the psychological refractory period effect
for ideomotor compatible tasks eliminated by
speed-stress instructions?
Psychological Research/Psychologische
Forschung, 71, 553-567.
Vu,
K.-P.
L., Proctor, R. W., Bhargav-Spanzel,
A., Tai, B.-L., Cook, J., & Schultz, E. E. (2007). Improving
password security and memorability to protect personal
and organizational information.
International Journal of
Human-Computer Studies, 65, 744-757.
Wang, D.-Y. D., Proctor, R. W., & Pick, D. F. (2007). Acquisition
and transfer of attention-allocation strategies in a multiple-task work
environment. Human Factors, 49.
995-1004.
Wang, D.-Y. D., Proctor, R. W., & Pick, D. F. (2007). Coding controlled and triggered cursor movements as action effects: Influences on the auditory Simon effect for wheel-rotation responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 657-669.
Wang, D.-Y. D., Pick, D. F., Proctor, R. W.,
Cho, Y. S., & Patel, D. (2007).
Contribution of sound to perception of CVT
performance. SAE 2006 Transactions
Journal of Passenger Cars: Mechan-ical Systems, 8,
757-766. (also
published as document # 2006-01-0813 in SAE Technical Papers: Human
Factors in Driving and Automotive Telematics.
Cho, Y.-S., Lien, M.-C., &
Proctor, R. W. (2006). Stroop
dilution depends on the nature of the color carrier but not on its
location. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 826-839.
Proctor, R. W., & Cho, Y. S.
(2006). Polarity correspondence: A general
principle for performance of speeded binary classification tasks. Psychological Bulletin,
132,
416-442.
Proctor, R. W., Koch,
I., & Vu, K.-P. L. (2006).
Effects of precuing horizontal and vertical dimensions on right-left
prevalence. Memory &
Cognition, 34,
949-958.
Proctor,
R. W., & Vu, K.-P. L. (2006).
The
cognitive revolution at age 50: Has the promise of the human
information-processing approach been fulfilled? International Journal of
Human-Computer Interaction, 21,
253-284.
Proctor, R. W., Vu,
K-.P. L., &
Pick, D. F. (2006). A deficit in effortful selection of cued responses for older
adults. Journal of Motor
Behavior, 38, 265-284.
Rubichi, S., Vu, K.-P. L.,
Nicoletti, R., & Proctor, R. W. (2006). Spatial coding in two dimensions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13,
201-216.
Vu, K.-P. L., &
Proctor, R. W. (2006). Emergent perceptual features in the benefit of
consistent stimulus-response mappings on dual-task
performance. Psychological
Research/Psychologische Forschung, 70,
468-483.
Vu, K.-P. L., Strybel, T. Z., & Proctor, R. W. (2006). Effects of
displacement magnitude and direction of auditory cues on auditory spatial
facilitation of visual search.
Human Factors, 48,
587-589.
Yamaguchi, M., & Proctor, R. W.
(2006). Stimulus-response
compatibility with pure and mixed mappings in a flight task
environment. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Applied, 12,
207-222.
Capaldi, E. J., &
Proctor, R. W. (2005). Is the worldview of qualitative
inquiry a proper guide for psychological research methods? American Journal
of Psychology, 118, 252-269.
Cho, Y. S., &
Proctor, R. W. (2005). Representing response position
relative to display location: Influence on orthogonal stimulus-response
compatibility. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58A,
839-864.
Lien, M.-C., McCann,
R. S., Ruthruff, E., & Proctor, R. W.
(2005). Confirming
and disconfirming theories about ideomotor
compatibility in dual-task performance: Reply to Greenwald. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31,
226-229.
Lien, M.-C., McCann,
R. S., Ruthruff, E., & Proctor, R. W.
(2005).
Dual-task performance with ideomotor compatible
tasks: Is the central processing bottleneck intact, bypassed, or shifted
in locus? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and
Performance, 31, 122-144.
Proctor, R. W. (2005).
Methodology is more than research design and technology. Behavior Research
Methods, 37, 197-201.
Proctor, R. W., Pick, D. F., Vu, K.-P.
L, & Anderson, R. E. (2005). The enhanced
Simon effect for older adults is reduced when the irrelevant location
information is conveyed by an accessory stimulus. Acta Psychologica,
119, 21-40.
Proctor, R. W., Vu,
K.-P. L., & Pick, D. F. (2005). Aging and
response selection in spatial choice tasks. Human Factors, 47,
250-270.
Urcuioli, P. J., Vu, K.-P., & Proctor, R.
W. (2005). A Simon effect
in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General, 134,
93-107.
Vu,
K.-P. L., Pellicano, A., & Proctor, R. W.
(2005). No overall right-left prevalence for horizontal and
vertical Simon effects. Perception & Psychophysics, 67,
929-938.
Cho, Y. S., &
Proctor, R. W. (2004). Effects of
stimulus-set location on orthogonal stimulus-response
compatibility. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 69,
106-114.
Cho, Y. S., &
Proctor, R. W. (2004). Influences of
multiple spatial stimulus and response codes on orthogonal stimulus-response
compatibility. Perception & Psychophysics, 66,
1003-1017.
Hommel, B., Proctor, R. W.,
& Vu, K.-P.
L. (2004). A
feature-integration account of sequential effects in the Simon
task. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 68,
1-17.
Proctor, R. W., Wang,
D.-Y. D., & Pick, D. F. (2004). Stimulus-response
compatibility with wheel-rotation responses: Will an incompatible response
coding be used when a compatible coding is possible? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11,
841-847.
Read, L. E., & Proctor, R. W.
(2004). Spatial stimulus-response compatibility and negative
priming. Psychonomic Bulletin
& Review, 11, 41-48.
Vu,
K.-P. L, & Proctor, R. W. (2004).
Mixing Compatible and incompatible mappings: Elimination, reduction, and
enhancement of spatial compatibility effects. Quarterly Journal of
Experimental Psychology, 57A, 539-556.
Cho, Y. S., &
Proctor, R. W. (2003).
Stimulus and response representations underlying orthogonal
stimulus-response compatibility effects. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10,
45-73.
Goel, M., Maciejewski, A. A., Balakrishnan,
V., & Proctor, R. W. (2003).
Failure tolerant teleoperation of a kinematically redundant manipulator: An experimental
study. The IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and
Cybernetics. Part A: Systems and Humans, 33,
758-765.
Lien, M.-C., Proctor,
R. W., & Ruthruff, E. (2003). Still no evidence for perfect
timesharing with two ideomotor compatible tasks: An
observation on Greenwald (2003). Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 1267-1272.
Lien, M. C., Schweickert, R., & Proctor, R. W. (2003).
Effects of task switch and correspondence in psychological refractory
period tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and
Performance, 29, 692-712.
Proctor, R. W., &
Capaldi, E. J. (2003). Teaching scientific
methodology (Teaching Tips Column). APS Observer, 16 (No.
1), 17-18; 25-26.
Proctor, R. W., &
Cho, Y. S. (2003). Effects of
relative position and response eccentiricty on
orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility with joystick and keypress responses. Quarterly Journal of
Experimental Psychology, 56A, 309-327.
Proctor, R. W., & Pick, D. F.
(2003). Display-control arrangement
correspondence and logical recoding in the Hedge and Marsh reversal of the Simon
effect. Acta Psychologica, 112, 259-278.
Proctor, R. W., Vu,
K.-P. L., & Marble, J. G. (2003). Spatial compatibility effects
are eliminated when intermixed location-irrelevant trials produce the same
spatial codes. Visual Cognition, 10, 15-50.
Proctor, R. W., Vu,
K.-P. L., &
Nicoletti, R. (2003).
Does right-left prevalence occur for the Simon effect?
Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 1318-1329.
Proctor, R. W., Vu,
K.-P. L., Najjar, L. J., Vaughan, M. W., &
Salvendy, G. (2003). Content preparation and management for e-commerce Web
sites. Communications of the ACM, 46 (12ve),
289-299.
Roswarski, T. E., &
Proctor, R. W. (2003). Intrahemispherical activation, visuomotor transmission, and the Simon effect: Comment
on Wascher et al. (2001). Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29,
152-158.
Roswarski, T. E., &
Proctor, R. W. (2003). The role of
instructions, practice, and stimulus-hand correspondence on the Simon
effect. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 67,
43-55.
Schweickert, R., Fisher, D. L.,
& Proctor, R. W. (2003). Steps toward
building mathematical and computer models from cognitive task
analyses. Human Factors, 45, 77-103.
Vu,
K.-P. L, & Proctor, R. W. (2003).
Naïve and experienced judgments of stimulus-response compatibility:
Implications for interface design. Ergonomics, 46,
169-187.
Vu,
K.-P. L, Proctor, R. W., & Urcuioli, P.
(2003). Transfer effects of incompatible location-relevant mappings
on subsequent visual or auditory Simon tasks. Memory & Cognition,
31, 1146-1152.
Wang, D.-Y, D.,
Proctor, R. W., & Pick, D. F. (2003). The Simon
effect with wheel-rotation responses. Journal of Motor Behavior,
35, 261-273.
Cho, Y. S., &
Proctor, R. W. (2002). Influences of hand
posture and hand position on compatibility effects for up-down stimuli mapped to
left-right responses: Evidence for a hand-referent hypothesis.
Perception & Psychophysics, 64, 1301-1315.
Lien, M.-C., &
Proctor, R. W. (2002).
Stimulus-response compatibility and psychological refractory period
effects: Implications for response selection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9,
212-238.
Lien, M.-C., &
Proctor, R. W., & Allen, P. A. (2002).
Ideomotor compatibility in the psychological
refractory period effect: 29 years of oversimplification. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28,
396-409.
Proctor, R. W., Lien,
M. C., Vu, K.-P.
L., Schultz, E. E., & Salvendy,
G. (2002). Improving computer security for
authentication of users: Influence of proactive password
restrictions. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, &
Computers, 34, 163-169.
Proctor, R. W., &
Vu, K.-P. L. (2002). Mixing
location-irrelevant and location-relevant trials: Influence of stimulus mode on
spatial compatibility effects. Memory & Cognition, 30,
281-293.
Proctor, R. W., Vu,
K.-P. L., Salvendy, G., and 19 other
authors. (2002). Content preparation and
management for Web design: Eliciting, structuring, searching, and displaying
information. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,
14, 25-92.
Proctor, R. W., Wang,
H., & Vu, K.-P.
L. (2002) Influences of conceptual, physical, and
structural similarity on stimulus-response compatibility. Quarterly
Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55A, 59-74.
Vu,
K.-P. L, & Proctor, R. W. (2002).
The prevalence effect for two-dimensional S-R compatibility is a function
of the relative salience of the dimensions. Perception &
Psychophysics, 64, 815-828.
Cho, Y. S., &
Proctor, R. W. (2001). Effect of
initiating action on the up-right/down-left advantage for vertically arrayed
stimuli and horizontally arrayed responses. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27,
472-484.
Lu, C.-H., &
Proctor, R. W. (2001). Influence of irrelevant
information on human performance: Effects of S-R association strength and
relative timing. Quarterly Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 54, 95 -136.
Proctor, R. W., &
Capaldi, E. J. (2001). Evaluation and
justification of methodologies in psychological science. Psychological Bulletin, 127,
759–772.
Proctor, R. W., &
Capaldi, E. J. (2001). Improving the
science education of psychology students: Better teaching of
methodology. Teaching of Psychology, 28,
173-181.
Proctor, R. W., &
Cho, Y. S. (2001). The up-right/down-left advantage
occurs for both participant- and computer-paced conditions: An empirical
observation on Adam, Boon, Paas, and Umiltà. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Perception and Performance, 27, 466-471.
Schultz, E. E.,
Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., & Salvendy, G.
(2001).
Usability and security: An appraisal of usability issues in information security
methods. Computers & Security, 20,
620-634.
Vu, K.-P., &
Proctor, R. W. (2001). Determinants
of right-left and top-bottom prevalence effects for two-dimensional spatial
compatibility effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Perception and Performance, 27, 813-828.
Capaldi, E. J., &
Proctor, R. W. (2000). Laudan’s normative naturalism: A useful philosophy of
science for psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 133,
430-454.
Lien, M.-C., &
Proctor, R. W. (2000). Multiple spatial correspondence
effects on dual-task performance. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26,
1260-1280.
Marble, J. G., &
Proctor, R. W. (2000). Mixing
location-relevant and location-irrelevant trials in choice-reaction tasks:
Influences of location mapping on the Simon effect. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26,
1515-1533.
Proctor, R. W., Lien,
M.-C., Salvendy, G., & Schultz, E. E.
(2000). A task analysis of usability in third-party
authentication. Information Security Bulletin, April,
49-56.
Proctor, R. W.,
Marble, J., & Vu, K.-P. (2000).
Mixing incompatibly mapped location-relevant trials with
location-irrelevant trials: Effects of stimulus mode on performance.
Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 64, 11-24.
Roswarski, T. E., &
Proctor, R. W. (2000). Auditory stimulus-response
compatibility: Is there a contribution of stimulus-hand
correspondence? Psychological Research/ Psychologische Forschung, 63,
148-158.
Van Zandt, T., Colonius, H., & Proctor, R. W.
(2000). A
comparison of two response-time models applied to perceptual matching.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7,
208-256.
Vu,
K.-P. L., Hanley, G. H., Strybel, T. Z., &
Proctor, R. W. (2000). Metacognitive
processes in human-computer interaction: Self assessments of knowledge as
predictors of computer expertise. International Journal of
Human-Computer Interaction, 12, 43-71.
Vu, K.-P., Proctor,
R. W., & Pick, D. F. (2000). Vertical versus horizontal
spatial compatibility: Right-left prevalence with bimanual keypress responses. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 64,
25-40.
Proctor, R. W., &
Lu, C.-H., (1999). Processing
irrelevant information: Practice and transfer effects in choice-reaction
tasks. Memory & Cognition, 27,
63-77.
Proctor, R. W., &
Pick, D. F. (1999). Deconstructing
Marilyn: Robust effects of face contexts on stimulus-response
compatibility. Memory & Cognition, 27,
986-995.
Proctor, R. W., &
Vu, K-P. L. (1999). Index of norms and ratings published in the
Psychonomic Society journals. Behavior
Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31,
659-677.
Ehrenstein, A., & Proctor,
R. W. (1998).
Selecting mapping rules and responses in mixed compatibility four-choice
tasks. Psychological Research/Psychologische
Forschung, 61, 231-248.
Proctor, R. W., &
Pick, D. F. (1998). Lateralized warning tones
produce typical irrelevant-location effects on choice reactions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5,
124-129.
Proctor, R. W., Wang,
D. Y., & Pick, D. F. (1998). An empirical
evaluation of the SYNWORK1 multiple-task work environment.
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 30,
287-305.
Proctor, R. W., Reeve, T. G., Weeks, D.
J., Campbell, K. C., & Dornier, L. (1997). Translating between orthogonally oriented stimulus and response
arrays in four-choice reaction tasks. Canadian Journal of
Experimental Psychology, 51, 85-97.
Ehrenstein, A., Schweickert, R. W., Choi, S.,
& Proctor, R. W. (1997). Scheduling processes in working memory:
Instructions control the order of memory search and mental arithmetic.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A,
766-802.
Chen, B., Wang, H.,
Proctor, R. W., & Salvendy, G.
(1997). A human-centered approach for designing World Wide Web
browsers. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments &
Computers, 29, 172-179.
Proctor, R. W., &
Wang, H. (1997). Set- and element-level
stimulus-response compatibility effects for different manual response
sets. Journal of Motor Behavior, 29,
351-365.
Proctor, R. W., &
Wang, H. (1997). Enhancement of the Simon effect
by response-location precues: Evaluation of the
stimulus-identification account. Acta
Psychologica, 95, 279-298.
Wiley, L. P., &
Proctor, R. W. (1997). Self-localization within a simulated environment.
International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 1,
43-61.
Roswarski, T. W., &
Proctor, R. W. (1996). Multiple
spatial codes and temporal overlap in choice-reaction tasks.
Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 59, 196-211.
Wang, H., &
Proctor, R. W. (1996). Stimulus-response compatibility as a function of stimulus code and
response modality. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Perception and Performance, 22, 1201-1217.
Dutta, A., Schweickert, R., Choi, S., &
Proctor, R. W. (1995). Cross-task
cross talk in memory and perception. Acta Psychologica,
90, 49-62.
Lu, C.-H., &
Proctor, R. W. (1995). The influence of irrelevant
location information on performance: A review of the Simon and spatial
Stroop effects. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2,
174-207.
Proctor, R. W., Lu., C.-H., Wang, H., & Dutta,
A. (1995). Activation of response codes by relevant and irrelevant
stimulus information. Acta Psychologica, 90, 275-286.
Weeks, D. J.,
Proctor, R. W., & Beyak, B.
(1995).
Stimulus-response compatibility for vertically oriented stimuli and horizontally
oriented responses: Evidence for spatial coding. Quarterly Journal of
Experimental Psychology, 48A, 367-383.
Capaldi, E. J. &
Proctor, R. W. (1994). Contextualism: Is the act in context the appropriate
metaphor for psychology? Psychonomic
Bulletin & Review, 1, 239-249.
Lu, C.-H., &
Proctor, R. W. (1994). Processing of
an irrelevant location dimension as a function of the relevant stimulus
dimension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
Perception and Performance, 20, 286-298.
Proctor, R. W., Dutta, A., Kelley, P., & Weeks, D. J.
(1994). Cross-modal compatibility effects with visuo-spatial and audio-verbal stimulus and response
sets. Perception & Psychophysics, 55,
42-47.
Proctor, R. W., &
Lu, C.-H.
(1994). Referential coding and attention shifting
accounts of the Simon effect. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung (Special
Issue on the Simon Effect), 56, 185-195.
Proctor, R. W., Lu,
C.-H., Van Zandt, T., & Weeks, D. J. (1994). Affordances, codes, and decision
processes: A response to Michaels (1993). Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20,
452-455.
Campbell, K., &
Proctor, R. W. (1993). Repetition effects with categorizable stimulus and response sets. Journal
of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19,
1345-1362.
Proctor, R. W., &
Dutta, A. (1993). Do the same stimulus-response
relations influence choice reactions initially and after practice?
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,
19, 922-930.
Proctor, R. W., Van
Zandt, T., Lu, C.-H., & Weeks, D. J. (1993). Stimulus-response compatibility
for moving stimuli: Perception of affordances or directional coding?
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and
Performance, 19, 81-91.
Dutta, A., & Proctor,
R. W. (1992).
Persistence of stimulus-response compatibility effects with extended
practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,
and Cognition, 18, 801-809.
Proctor, R. W., Lu,
C.-H., & Van Zandt, T. (1992). Enhancement of
the Simon effect by response precuing.
Acta Psychologica, 81, 53-74.
Reeve, T. G.,
Proctor, R. W., Weeks, D. J., & Dornier, L. (1992). Salience of stimulus and
response features in choice-reaction tasks. Perception &
Psychophysics, 52, 453-460.
Proctor, R. W.,
Healy, A. F., & Van Zandt, T. (1991). "Same"-"different" judgments of
multiletter strings: Insensitivity to positional
bias and spacing. Perception & Psychophysics, 49,
62-72.
Proctor, R. W.,
Reeve, T. G., Weeks, D. J., Dornier, L., & Van Zandt, T.
(1991). Acquisition, retention, and transfer of response-selection skill in
choice-reaction tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 497-506.
Weeks, D. J., &
Proctor, R. W. (1991). Salient-features coding and
orthogonal compatibility effects: A reply to Umilta. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General, 120, 87-89.
Proctor, R. W., Van
Zandt, T., & Watson, H. D. (1990). Effects of background symmetry
on "same"-"different" pattern matching: A compromise criteria
account. Perception & Psychophysics, 48,
543-550.
Weeks, D. J., &
Proctor, R. W. (1990). Salient-features coding in the translation between orthogonal
stimulus and response dimensions. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: General, 119, 355-366.
Weeks, D. J., &
Proctor, R. W. (1990). Ontological
and ideological commitments in behavior analysis. The Behavior
Analyst, 13, 87-90.
Proctor, R. W., &
Weeks, D. J. (1989). Instructional
and probability manipulations of bias in multiletter
matching. Perception & Psychophysics, 45,
55-65.
Proctor, R. W., &
Fober, G. W. (1988). A
response-selection basis for the mixed-category, repeated-stimulus inferiority
effect. Perception & Psychophysics, 44,
182-190.
Proctor, R. W., &
Reeve, T. G. (1988). The
acquisition of task-specific productions and modification of declarative
representations in spatial-precuing
tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,
117, 182-196.
Proctor, R. W., &
Weeks, D. J. (1988). The virtues of scientific
psychology: A reply to Harzem. The
Behavior Analyst, 11, 131-140.
Reeve, T. G., &
Proctor, R. W. (1988). Determinants of two-choice
reaction-time patterns for same-hand and different-hand finger pairings.
Journal of Motor Behavior, 20, 317-340.
Proctor, R. W., &
Healy, A. F. (1987). Task-specific
serial position effects in comparisons of multiletter
strings. Perception & Psychophysics, 42,
180-194.
Proctor, R. W. (1986). Response
bias, criteria settings, and the fast-"same" phenomenon: A reply to
Ratcliff. Psychological Review, 93, 473-477.
Proctor, R. W., &
Reeve, T. G. (1986). Salient-feature coding operations in spatial precuing tasks. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12,
277-285.
Proctor, R. W., &
Reeve, T. G. (1986). A caution
regarding use of the hint procedure to test between discrete and continuous
models of human information processing. Perception &
Psychophysics, 40, 110-118.
Proctor, R. W., &
Fober, G. W. (1985). Repeated-stimulus superiority and inferiority effects in the
identification of letters and digits. Perception &
Psychophysics, 38, 125-134.
Proctor, R. W., &
Healy, A. F. (1985). Order-relevant and
order-irrelevant decision rules in multiletter
matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,
and Cognition, 11, 519- 537.
Proctor, R. W., &
Reeve, T. G. (1985). Compatibility effects in the
assignment of symbolic stimuli to discrete finger responses. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11,
623-639.
Reeve, T. G., &
Proctor, R. W. (1985). Nonmotoric translation processes in the preparation of
discrete finger responses: A rebuttal of Miller's (1985) analysis.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,
11, 234-241.
Proctor, R. W., Rao, K. V., & Hurst, P. W. (1984). An examination
of response bias in multiletter matching.
Perception & Psychophysics, 35, 464-476.
Rao, K. V., &
Proctor, R. W. (1984). Study-phase processing and the
word frequency effect in recognition memory. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10,
386-994.
Reeve, T. G., &
Proctor, R. W. (1984). On the advance
preparation of discrete finger responses. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10,
541-553.
Proctor, R. W. (1983).
Recognition memory for pictures as a function of poststimulus interval: An empirical clarification of
existing literature. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, 256-262.
Proctor, R. W., Nunn,
M. B., & Pallos,
Proctor, R. W., &
Rao, K. V. (1983). Null effects
of exposure duration and heterogeneity of difference on the same-different
disparity in letter matching. Perception & Psychophysics,
33, 163-171.
Proctor, R. W., &
Rao, K. V. (1983). Evidence that
the same-different disparity in letter matching is not attributable to response
bias. Perception & Psychophysics, 34,
72-76.
Proctor, R. W., &
Rao, K. V. (1983). Reinstating
the original principals of Proctor's unified theory for matching-task
phenomena: An evaluation of Krueger and Shapiro's
reformulation. Psychological Review, 90,
21-37.
Reeve, T. G., &
Proctor, R. W. (1983). An empirical
note on the role of verbal labels in motor short term memory tasks.
Journal of Motor Behavior, 15, 386-393.
Proctor, R. W., &
Hurst, P. W. (1982). A parametric
investigation of multiletter matching.
Perception & Psychophysics, 32, 75-84.
Proctor, R. W. (1981). A unified theory for matching-task phenomena.
Psychological Review, 88, 291-326.
Proctor, R. W. (1980). The
influence of intervening tasks on the spacing effect for frequency
judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and
Memory, 6, 254-266.
Proctor, R. W., &
Proctor, J. D. (1979). Secondary task
modality, expectancy, and the measurement of attentional capacity. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 5,
610-624.
Proctor, R. W. (1978). Sources of
color-word interference in the Stroop color naming
task. Perception & Psychophysics, 23,
413-419.
Proctor, R. W. (1978). Attention
and modality-specific interference in visual short-term memory. Journal
of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4,
239-245.
Proctor, R. W., &
Fagnani, C. A. (1978). Effects of
distractor-stimulus modality in the Brown-Peterson
distractor task. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4,
676-684.
Ambler, B. A., Fisicaro, S. A., & Proctor, R. W.
(1977). Information reduction, internal transformation, and task
difficulty. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 10, 463-466.
Proctor, R. W. (1977). The
relationship of frequency judgments to recognition: Facilitation of
recognition and comparison to recognition-confidence judgments. Journal
of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3,
679-689.
Proctor, R. W., &
Fisicaro, S. A. (1977). Time,
capacity, and selection between perceptual attributes. Journal
of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3,
337-348.
Ambler, B. A., Fisicaro, S. A., & Proctor, R. W.
(1976). Temporal characteristics of primary-secondary message interference
in a dichotic listening task. Memory & Cognition, 4,
709-716.
Ambler, B. A., &
Proctor, R. W. (1976). Rod
involvement in peripheral color processing. Scandinavian Journal
of Psychology, 17, 142-148.
Proctor, R. W., &
Ambler, B. A. (1975). Effects of
rehearsal strategy on memory for spacing and frequency. Journal
of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1,
640-647.
Bernstein,
Proctor, R. W.,
Bernstein,
Proctor, R. W., &
Lewis, J. L. (1974). Effects of
association and repetition in memory for temporal order. Memory
& Cognition, 2, 289-294.
Bernstein,
Schurman, D. L., Bernstein,